@article { author = {Moravej, Zahra and Bagheri, Sajad}, title = {Distance protection closed-loop testing using RTDS}, journal = {Energy Equipment and Systems}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {197-210}, year = {2017}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-1111}, eissn = {2345-251X}, doi = {10.22059/ees.2017.25759}, abstract = {This paper presents a distance protection test procedure by applying the Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) of a power system. RTDS is a tool to design, develop, and test power-system protection. The RTDS enables real-time computation of electromagnetic phenomena with a calculation time step of even 50μs. The hardware allows the import and export of many signals from the simulator to an external real power-system component and, therefore, the so-called closed-loop testing. With this method, it is possible to get an insight into both the elements’ behaviour and the influence of these components on the power-system operation. The testing of a very simple impedance-protection function by the Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories protection relay is explained. Moreover, the effects of a DC offset have been tested on this relay. The test results emphasize the advantage of the RTDS for the determination of actual power-system components’ behaviour in various power-system conditions. The RTDS software, i.e. RSCAD, is used to simulate the power system models.}, keywords = {Distance Protection,DC Offset,Real-Time Electromagnetic Phenomena Calculation,RTDS}, url = {https://www.energyequipsys.com/article_25759.html}, eprint = {https://www.energyequipsys.com/article_25759_de9efba44b326786a4131561f810fcd8.pdf} }