Valorization of municipal solid wastes through biogas production in Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

Iran is a developing country with a population of over 80 million. The total daily MSWs production in Iran is about 50 million kg. Most of the MSWs in this country is being disposed of in the landfills. Some of the landfills are located in the urban area or near to sea, river, and forest. In this regard, the management of MSWS becomes a concern in Iran. One solution to manage MSWs and mitigate their environmental impacts is to capture the biogas production. Thus, this research presents the potential biogas generation from MSWs in Iran. The findings of this study illustrated that Iran's daily energy generation potential from MSW is equal to 31,676 barrels of crude oil. The yearly biogas potential generation from MSWs resources is equal to 13.4 million barrels of crude oil equivalent. Overall, the results of this research show that there is a tremendous potential to generate energy and reduce the environmental impact of MSWs in Iran through converting them to the biogas.

Keywords


[1] Aggarangsi P., Tippayawong N., Moran J.C., Rerkkriangkrai P., Overview of Livestock Biogas Technology Development and Implementation in Thailand. Energy for Sustainable Development 17(4): 371-377(2013).
[2]  Aghahosseini A., Bogdanov D., Ghorbani  N., Breyer C., Analysis of 100% Renewable Energy for Iran in 2030: Integrating Solar PV, Wind Energy and Storage. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 15(1): 17-36 (2018).
[3]  Alavijeh M.K., Yaghmaei S., Biochemical Production of Bioenergy from Agricultural Crops and Residue in Iran. Waste Management  52: 375-394 (2016).
[4] IEA. World Energy Outlook 2013. World Energy Publication. https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WEO2013.pdf (2013).
[5]  Bacenetti J., Fusi A., Negri M., Guidetti  R., Fiala M., Environmental Assessment of Two Different Crop Systems in Terms of Biomethane Potential Production. Science of the total environment (2014) 466: 1066-1077.
[6] Benis K.Z., Safaiyan A., Farajzadeh D., Nadji F.K., Shakerkhatibi M., Harati H., Safari G.H. Sarbazan M.H., 2018. Municipal Solid Waste Characterization and Household Waste Behaviors in a Megacity in the Northwest of Iran. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 1-10 (2018).
[7] Bond T., Templeton M.R., History and Future of Domestic Biogas Plants in the Developing World. Energy for Sustainable Development 15(4): 347-354(2011).
[8] Casati D., Annatadavverodifficile Urge Risalire la China. Terra Vita. 6:40–4 (2013).
[9] Dutta K., Daverey A., Lin J.G., Evolution Retrospective for Alternative Fuels, First to Fourth Generation. Renewable Energy 69: 114-122(2014).
[10]EurObserv’ER, 15th Annual Overview Barometer (http://www.eurobserv-er.org/15th-annual593overview-barometer/) (2015).
[11]Farokhzad S., Keyhani A., Parveh S., Potential of Biogas Production from Municipal Solid Waste and Cow Manure in Iran, The 7th National Congress on Agr. Machinery Engineering & Mechanization, Shiraz, Iran. (In Persian).(2012)
[12]Fazeli A., Bakhtvar F., Jahanshaloo L., Che Sidik N., EsfandyariBayat A., Malaysia's Stand on Municipal Solid Waste Conversion to Energy: A Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 58: 1007–1016 (2016).
[13]Ferdowsi A., Ferdosi M. Mehrani M.J., Municipal Solid Waste Management in Gachsaran County, Iran–landfill Site Selection. In Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Waste and Resource Management, Thomas Telford Ltd. 171 (3): 82-88 (2018).
[14]Hajjari M., Tabatabaei M., Aghbashlo M. Ghanavati H., A Review on the Prospects of Sustainable Biodiesel Production: A Global Scenario with an Emphasis on Waste-Oil Biodiesel Utilization. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (72): 445-464 (2017).
[15]Hamilton D.W., Anaerobic Digestion of Animal Manures: Understanding the Basic Processes, Available at http://factsheets.okstate.edu/documents/bae-1747-anaerobic-digestion-of-animal-manures-understanding-the-basic-processes (2014)
[16]Heidari A., Hajinezhad A. Aslani A., A Sustainable Power Supply System, Iran's Opportunities via Bioenergy. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy. (2018) https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.12937
[17]Hijazi O., Munro S., Zerhusen B., Effenberger M., Review of Life Cycle Assessment for Biogas Production in Europe, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 54: 1291–1300 (2016).
[18]Hoornweg D., Bhada-Tata P., What a Waste: A Global Review of Solid Waste Management. Urban Development Series Knowledge Papers, World Bank (2012).
[19]Hosseini S. E., Mahmoudzadeh-Andwari A., Abdul-Wahid M., Bagheri G., A Review on Green Energy Potentials in Iran, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 27: 533–545 (2013).
[20]IPCC. Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for Waste Treatment Industries European Commission (2006).
[21]Kana E.G., Oloke J.K., Lateef A., Adesiyan M.O., Modeling and Optimization of Biogas Production on Saw Dust and other co-substrates Using Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm. Renewable Energy, 46: 276-281 (2012).
[22]Karimi-Alavijeh M.K., Yaghmaei S., Biochemical Production of Bioenergy from Agricultural Crops and Residue in Iran. Waste Management  52: 375-394 (2016).
[23]Kaur K., Phutela U.G., Enhancement of Paddy Straw Digestibility and Biogas Production by Sodium Hydroxide-Microwave Pretreatment. Renewable Energy 92: 178-184 (2016).
[24]Khoshand A., Kamalan H., Rezaei H., Application of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to Assess Options of Energy Recovery from Municipal Solid Waste: A Case Study in Tehran, Iran. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 1-12(2018).
[25]Kral I., Piringer G., Saylor M. K., Gronauer A., Bauer A., Environmental Effects of Steam Explosion Pretreatment on Biogas from Maize—Case Study of a 500-kw austrian Biogas Facility, BioEnergy Research 9(1):198–207(2015).
[26]Kummamuru B.V., WBA Global Bioenergy Statistics. World Bioenergy Association (2015).
[27]Mahdavi-Damghani A., Savarypour  G., Zand E., Deihimfard R., 2008, Municipal Solid Waste Management in Tehran: Current Practices, Opportunities and Challenges. Waste management 28 (5): 929-934 (2015).
[28]Moghadam M.A., Mokhtarani N., Mokhtarani B., Municipal solid waste management in Rasht City, Iran. Waste Management  29(1): 485-489 (2009).
[29]Mohammadi-Maghanaki M.M., Ghobadian B., Najafi G., Galogah R.J., Potential of Biogas Production in Iran. The Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 28: 702-714 (2013).
[30]Mollahosseini A., Hosseini S.A., Jabbari M., Figoli A., Rahimpour A., Renewable Energy Management and Market in Iran: A Holistic Review on Current State and Future Demands. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 80: 774-788 (2017).
[31]Moncada J., Tamayo J.A., Cardona C.A., Integrating First, Second, and Third Generation Biorefineries: Incorporating Microalgae into the Sugarcane Biorefinery. Chemical Engineering Science 118: 126-140 (2014).
[32]Najafi B., Ardabili S.F., Application of ANFIS, ANN, and Logistic Methods in Estimating Biogas Production from Spent Mushroom Compost (SMC). Resources, Conservation and Recycling 133:169-178 (2018).
[33]Negri M., Bacenetti J., Manfredini A., Lovarelli D., Maggiore T.M., Fiala M., Bocchi S., Evaluation of Methane Production from Maize Silage by Harvest of Different Plant Portions. Biomass and Bioenergy  67: 339-346 (2014).
[34]Nematollahi O., Hoghooghi H., Rasti M., Sedaghat A., Energy Demands and Renewable Energy Resources in the Middle East. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews  54: 1172-1181(2016).
[35]Nikkhah A., Royan M., Khojastehpour M., Bacenetti J., Environmental Impacts Modeling of Iranian Peach Production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 75: 677-682 (2017).
[36]Nikkhah A., Life Cycle Assessment of the Agricultural Sector in Iran (2007-2013), Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 37 (5): 1750-1757 (2018).
[37] Bakhoda H, Almassi M., Moharamnejad  N., Moghaddasi R., Azkia M., Energy Production Trend in Iran and its Effect on Sustainable Development, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16: 1335 -1339 (2012).
[38]Nkemka V.N. Gilroyed B., Yanke J., Gruninger R., Vedres D., McAllister T., X. Hao X., Bioaugmentation with an Anaerobic Fungus in a Two-Stage Process for Biohydrogen and Biogas Production Using Corn Silage and Cattail. Bioresource Technology 185: 79-88 (2015).
[39]Noorollahi Y., Kheirrouz M., Asl H.F., Yousefi H., Hajinezhad, A., Biogas Production Potential from Livestock Manure in Iran. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 50: 748-754 (2015).
[40]Ozcan B., The Nexus between Carbon Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Middle East Countries: A Panel Data Analysis. Energy Policy 62: 1138-1147 (2013).
[41]Pazoki M., MalekiDelarestaghi R., Rezvanian M.R., Ghasemzade R., Peyman Dalaei P., Gas Production Potential in the Landfill of Tehran by Landfill Methane Outreach Program. Jundishapur The Journal of Health Sciences 7(4): e29679 (2015).
[42]Rafiee A., Gordi E., Lu W., Miyata Y., Shabani H., Mortezazadeh S., Hoseini M., The Impact of Various Festivals and Events on Recycling Potential of Municipal Solid Waste in Tehran, Iran. Journal of Cleaner Production  (183): 77-86 (2018).
[43]Rajaeifar M.A., Tabatabaei M., Ghanavati H., Khoshnevisan B., Rafiee S., Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Different Municipal Solid Waste Management Scenarios in Iran. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 51: 886-898 (2015).
[44]Scarlat N., Dallemand J.-F., Monforti-Ferrario F., Banja M., Motola V., Renewable Energy Policy Framework and Bioenergy Contribution in the European Union – an Overview from National Renewable Energy Action Plans and Progress Reports. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews  51: 969–985 (2015).
[45] IEA. World Energy Outlook 2014. World Energy Publication. https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WEO2014.pdf (2014).
[46]Sehatpour M.H., Kazemi A., Sehatpour H.E., Evaluation of Alternative Fuels for Light-Duty Vehicles in Iran Using a Multi-criteria Approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 72: 295-310 (2017).
[47]Sheets J.P., Lawson K., Ge, X., Wang, L., Yu, Z., Li, Y., Development and Evaluation of a Trickle Bed Bioreactor for Enhanced Mass Transfer and Methanol Production from Biogas. Biochemical Engineering Journal 122: 103-114 (2017).
[48]Statista-The portal for statistics. Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/481840/biogas-production-worldwide-by-key-country (2017)
[49]Statistical Centre of Iran. (2018). Available at amar.org.ir(2018).
[50]Taghizadeh-Alisaraei A., Assar H.A., Ghobadian B.,Motevali A., Potential of Biofuel Production from Pistachio Waste in Iran. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews72: 510-522 (2017).
[51]Xie T., Reddy K.R., Wang C., Yargicoglu E., Spokas K., Sarma S.J., Bhattacharya I., Brar S.K., Tyagi R.D., Cruz A. Anselmo, A.M., Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology1509-1630 (2014).
[52]Yazdani, M., Monavari, S.M., Omrani, G.A., Shariat, M., Hosseini, S.M., A Comparative Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Sites in Northern Iran. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 15(4):  91-110(2017).
[53] Cheng S. Li Z, Manga H., Huba E., 2013, A Review of Prefabricated Biogas Digesters in China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 28: 738-748 (2013).