ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Selection of the optimum prime mover and the working fluid in a regenerative organic rankine cycle
A regenerative organic Rankine cycle (RORC) is modeled and optimized for the use of waste heat recovery from a prime mover (PM). Three PMs including, a diesel engine, a gas engine, and a microturbine are selected in this study. Four refrigerants including isobutane, R123, R134a, and R245fa are selected. The nominal capacity of the PM, PM operating partial load, turbine inlet pressure, condenser pressure, refrigerant mass flow rate, pump efficiency, turbine efficiency, and regenerator effectiveness are considered as the decision variables. Then, the Genetic Algorithm is applied to maximize the thermal efficiency and minimize the total annual cost (TAC), simultaneously. The optimum results demonstrate that the best working fluid and the PM are, respectively, R123 and the diesel engine, which have a thermal efficiency of 0.50 and a TAC of $170,276/year. The optimum results are compared with each of the other studied cases. For example, the optimum result in the case of a diesel engine working with R123 shows a 2% and 2.52% improvement in the thermal efficiency and the TAC, respectively, in comparison to the case of a gas engine working with R123. Furthermore, a 26% and an 18.38% improvement in the thermal efficiency and the TAC are found when the best-studied cycle is compared with a microturbine and R123.
https://www.energyequipsys.com/article_28969_ca29e17583e8f51a763ca1c2012f52fd.pdf
2017-12-01
325
339
10.22059/ees.2017.28969
Regenerative Organic Rankine Cycle
Prime Mover
Total Annual Cost
thermal efficiency
Working Fluid
Hassan
Hajabdollahi
h.hajabdollahi@vru.ac.ir
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alireza
Esmaieli
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Mago P. J., Exergetic Evaluation of an Organic Rankine Cycle Using Medium-Grade Waste Heat, Energy Sources, Part A, Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects (2012) 34(19): 1768-1780.
1
[2] Carcasci, Carlo, Riccardo Ferraro, and Edoardo Miliotti, Thermodynamic Analysis of an Organic Rankine Cycle for Waste Heat Recovery from Gas Turbines, Energy (2014) 65: 91-100.
2
[3] Yun E., Park H., Yoon S.Y., Kim K.C., Dual Parallel Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) System for High Efficiency Waste Heat Recovery in Marine Application, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology (2015)29(6): 2509-2515.
3
[4] Gong X. W., Wang X. Q., Li Y. R., Wu C. M., Thermodynamic Performance Analysis of a Coupled Transcritical and Subcritical Organic Rankine Cycle System for Waste Heat Recovery, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology (2015) 29(7): 3017-3029.
4
[5] Coskun A., Ali B., Mehmet K., Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization of Various Power Cycles for a Geothermal Resource, Energy Sources, Part A, Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects (2016) 38(6): 850-856.
5
[6] Li Y.R., Mei-Tang D., Chun-Mei W., Shuang-Ying W., Chao L., Potential of Organic Rankine Cycle Using Zeotropic Mixtures as Working Fluids for Waste Heat Recovery, Energy (2014) 77: 509-519.
6
[7] Umesh K., Karimi M.N., Asjad M., Parametric Optimisation of the Organic Rankine Cycle for Power Generation from Low-Grade Waste Heat, International Journal of Sustainable Energy (2016) 35(8): 774-792.
7
[8] Rahbar K., Saad M., Raya K. A., Moazami N., Modelling and Optimization of Organic Rankine Cycle Based on a Small-Scale Radial Inflow Turbine, Energy Conversion and Management (2015) 91: 186-198.
8
[9] Roy J. P., Mishra M. K., Ashok M., Parametric Optimization and Performance Analysis of a Regenerative Organic Rankine Cycle Using Low–Grade Waste Heat for Power Generation, International Journal of Green Energy (2011) 8(2): 173-196.
9
[10] Hajabdollahi Z., Hajabdollahi F., Tehrani M., Hajabdollahi H., Thermo-Economic Environmental Optimization of Organic Rankine Cycle for Diesel Waste Heat Recovery, Energy (2013) 63: 142-151.
10
[11] Yang M.H., Rong-Hua Y., Thermo-economic Optimization of an Organic Rankine Cycle System for Large Marine Diesel Engine Waste Heat Recovery, Energy (2015) 82: 256-268.
11
[12] Yang M.H., Rong-Hua Y., Analyzing the Optimization of an Organic Rankine Cycle System for Recovering Waste Heat from a Large Marine Engine Containing a Cooling Water System, Energy Conversion and Management (2014) 88: 999-1010.
12
[13] Michel F., Kheiri A., Pelloux-Prayer S., Performance Optimization of Low-Temperature Power Generation by Supercritical ORCs (Organic Rankine Cycles) Using Low GWP (Global Warming Potential) Working Fluids, Energy (2014) 67: 513-526.
13
[14] Yang M.H., Rong-Hua Y., Thermodynamic and Economic Performances Optimization of an Organic Rankine Cycle System Utilizing Exhaust Gas of a Large Marine Diesel Engine, Applied Energy (2015) 149: 1-12.
14
[15] Yongqiang F.,, Zhang Y., Li B., Yang J., Shi Y., Comparison between Regenerative Organic Rankine Cycle (RORC) and Basic Organic Rankine Cycle (BORC) Based on Thermoeconomic Multi-Objective Optimization Considering Exergy Efficiency and Levelized Energy Cost (LEC), Energy Conversion and Management (2015) 96: 58-71.
15
[16] Spayde E., Pedro J. M., Evaluation of a Solar-Powered Organic Rankine Cycle Using Dry Organic Working Fluids, Cogent Engineering (2015) 2(1): 1085300.
16
[17] Salcedo R., Antipova E., Boer D., Jiménez L., Guillén-Gosálbez G., Multi-Objective Optimization of Solar Rankine Cycles Coupled with Reverse Osmosis Desalination Considering Economic and Life Cycle Environmental Concerns, Desalination (2012) 286: 358-371.
17
[18] Boyaghchi A. F., Heidarnejad P., Thermoeconomic Assessment and Multi Objective Optimization of a Solar Micro CCHP Based on Organic Rankine Cycle for Domestic Application, Energy Conversion and Management (2015) 97: 224-234.
18
[19] Hajabdollahi H., Ganjehkaviri A., Nazri Mohd Jaafar M.. Thermo-Economic Optimization of RSORC (Regenerative Solar Organic Rankine cycle) Considering Hourly Analysis, Energy (2015).
19
[20] Imran M., Muhammad U., Byung-Sik P., Hyouck-Ju K., Dong-Hyun L., Multi-Objective Optimization of Evaporator of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for Low Temperature Geothermal Heat Source, Applied Thermal Engineering (2015) 80: 1-9.
20
[21] Walraven D., Ben L., William D., Economic System Optimization of Air-Cooled Organic Rankine Cycles Powered by Low-Temperature Geothermal Heat Sources, Energy (2015) 80: 104-113.
21
[22] El-Wakil M.M. Powerplant Technology, McGraw-Hill (2002).
22
[23] ASHRAE Handbook Cogeneration Systems and Engine and Turbine Drives (1999).
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[24] Srinivas N., Deb K., Multiobjective Optimization Using Nondominated Sorting in Genetic Algorithms, Journal of Evolutionary Computing (1994) 2(3): 221–248.
24
[25] Deb K., Goel T., Controlled Elitist Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithms for Better Convergence, in Proceedings of The First International Conference on Evolutionary Multi-Criterion Optimization, Zurich (2001)385–399.
25
[26] Deb K., Multi-Objective Optimization Using Evolutionary Algorithms, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK (2001).
26
[27] Hajabdollahi F., Hajabdollahi Z., Hajabdollahi H., Soft Computing Based Multi-Objective Optimization of Steam Cycle Power Plant Using NSGA-II and ANN, Applied Soft Computing (2012): 12(11): 3648-3655.
27
[28] www.ifco.org, [Web Site of Iranian Fuel Conservation Organization].
28
[29] Xu J., Yu C., Critical Temperature Criterion for Selection of Working Fluids for Subcritical Pressure Organic Rankine Cycles, Energy (2014)74: 719-733.
29
[30] Branke J., Miettinen K., Slowinski R., Multiobjective Optimization, Interactive and Evolutionary Approaches, Springer (2008) 5252.
30
[31] Khorasani Nejad E., Hajabdollahi F., Hajabdollahi Z., Hajabdollahi H., Thermo‐Economic Optimization of Gas Turbine Power Plant with Details in Intercooler, Heat Transfer-Asian Research (2013) 42 (8): 704-723.
31
[32] Mokhtari H., Esmaieli A., Hajabdollahi H., Thermo‐Economic Analysis and Multiobjective Optimization of Dual Pressure Combined Cycle Power Plant with Supplementary Firing, Heat Transfer-Asian Research (2016)45(1):59-84.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Energy efficiency in a building complex through seasonal storage of thermal energy in a confined aquifer
Confined aquifers are formations surrounded by impermeable layers called cap rocks and bed rocks. These aquifers are suitable for the seasonal storage of thermal energy. A confined aquifer was designed to meet the cooling and heating energy needs of a residential building complex located in Tehran, Iran. The annual cooling and heating energy needs of the buildings were estimated to be 8.7 TJ and 1.9 TJ, respectively. Two different alternatives were analyzed for an aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) system. These alternatives were: 1) using ATES for cooling alone, and 2) coupling ATES with a heat pump for both cooling and heating. The thermal annual energy recovery factor and the annual coefficient of performance (COP) of the system were determined. A COP of 10 was obtained when ATES was employed for cooling alone. When ATES was employed for cooling and heating (using a heat pump), a COP of 17 was obtained for the cooling mode, and 5 for the heating mode.
https://www.energyequipsys.com/article_28970_c07a25908557fae4edb44f5458e89869.pdf
2017-12-01
341
348
10.22059/ees.2017.28970
Aquifer
Energy Recovery
Heat Pump
Thermal Energy Storage
Hadi
Ghaebi
hghaebi@uma.ac.ir
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O.B. 179, Ardabil, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehdi
Bahadorinejad
2
School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9567, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Hassan
Saidi
saman@sharif.edu
3
School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9567, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1]Meyer C.F., Todd D.K., Heat Storage Wells, Water Well Journal (1973)10: 35-41.
1
[2]Molz F.J., Warman J.C., Jones T.E., Aquifer Storage of Heated Water, Part 1, A Field Experiment, Ground Water (1978) 16:234-241.
2
[3]Papadopulos S.S., Larson S.P., Aquifer Storage of Heated Water, Part 2, Numerical Simulation of Field Results, Ground Water (1978)16: 242-248.
3
[4]Parr D.A., Molz F.J., Melville J.G., Field Determination of Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage Parameters, Ground Water (1983) 21: 22-35.
4
[5]Andersson O., Hellstrom G., Nordell B., Heating and Cooling with UTES in Sweden-Current Situation and Potential Market Development, International Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Thermal Energy Storage, Warsaw, Poland (2003)1: 359-366.
5
[6]Sanner B., Karytsas C., Mendrinos D., Rybach L., Current status of Ground Source Heat Pumps and Underground Thermal Energy Storage in Europe, Geothermics 2003(32): 579-588.
6
[7]Paksoy H.O., Andersson O., Abaci S., Evliya H., Turgut B., Heating and Cooling of a Hospital Using Solar Energy Coupled with Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage in an Aquifer, Renewable Energy 2000(19):117-122.
7
[8]Dickinson J.S., Buik N., Matthews M.C., Snijders A., Aquifer Thermal Energy, Theoretical and Operational Analysis, Geotechnique 2009(59): 249-260.
8
[9]Novo V.A., Bayon R.J., Castro-Fresno D., Rodriguez-Hernandez R., Review of Seasonal Heat Storage in Large Basins Water Tanks and Gravel Water Pits, Applied Energy 2010(87):390-397.
9
[10]Preene M., Powrie W., Ground Energy Systems, Delivering the Potential, Energy 2009(2):77-84.
10
[11]Umemiya H., Satoh Y., A Cogeneration System for a Heavy-Snow Fall Zone Based on Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage, Japanese Society of Mechanical Engineering 1990(33):757-765.
11
[12]Gao Q., Li M., Yu M., Spitler J.D., Yan Y.Y., Review of Development from GSHP to UTES in China and other Countries, Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews 2009(13):1383-1394.
12
[13]Lee K.S., Performance of Open Borehole Thermal Energy Storage System under Cyclic Flow Regime, Journal of Geoscience, 2008(12): 169-175.
13
[14]Fan R., Jiang Y., Yao Y., Shiming D., Ma Z., A Study on the Performance of a Geothermal Heat Exchanger under Coupled Heat Conduction and Groundwater Advection, Energy 2007(32):2199-2209.
14
[15]Rosen M.A., Second-Law Analysis of Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage Systems, Energy 1999(24): 167-182.
15
[16]Ghaebi H., Bahadori M.N., Saidi M.H., Performance Analysis and Parametric Study of Thermal Energy Storage in an Aquifer Coupled with a Heat Pump”, Applied Thermal Engineering (2014) 62:156-170.
16
[17]Ghaebi H., Bahadori M.N., Saidi M.H., Parametric Study of the Pressure Distribution in a Confined Aquifer Employed for Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage, Scientia Iranica B (2015) 22(1): 235-244.
17
[18]Ghaebi H., Bahadori M.N., Saidi M.H., Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage for Cooling and Heating of a Residential Complex under Various Climatic Conditions, In press, Scientia Iranica B (2017).
18
[19]Schaetzle W.J., Thermal Energy Storage in Aquifers, Design and Applications”, Pergamon Press (1980).
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Proposing a quantitative approach to measure the success of energy management systems in accordance with ISO 50001: 2011 using an analytical hierarchy process (AHP)
ISO 50001: 2011 provides an integrated and systematic framework to plan, implement, operate, certify, and maintain energy management systems (EMSs). Evaluation of organizations in relation to meeting the standard requirements is performed by an auditing qualitative approach. In this research, a quantitative approach has been proposed and implemented to assess organizations and rank them based on the related capabilities of the EMS. Initially, ISO 50001 was accurately reviewed to extract requirements. Later, an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to perform pair-wise comparison and to specify the importance factors of ISO 50001 requirements. A number of Iranian oil and gas plants were evaluated in accordance with the specified requirements of ISO 50001. The results of the evaluation were used to rank the considered plant in capabilities of the EMS. In addition, it was used to specify which areas of ISO 50001 need more attention in the considered plants. Finally, the improvement approaches were proposed to enable Iranian oil and gas plants to increase the effectiveness of the implemented EMS.
https://www.energyequipsys.com/article_28971_6bd46168d3c3a3ab0ac7d1fa58d2fdcc.pdf
2017-12-01
349
355
10.22059/ees.2017.28971
Energy Management System (EMS)
ISO 50001: 2011
Requirements of EMS
Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Improvement Approaches
Abdorrahman
Haeri
ahaeri@iust.ac.ir
1
School of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science & amp; Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1]Shushakov A.A., Natalyin S.G., Katrich N.M., Kaybyshev R.R., Figurin A.L., Chikin V.V., Boychuk I.F., Implementation of Energy Management System According to ISO 50001:2011 in Vertically Organized Oil Companies: JSC Gazprom Neft Approach, Neftyanoe khozyaystvo - Oil Industry (2013) 12: 66-69.
1
[2]Brown M., Desai D., The ISO 50001 Energy Management Standard: What is it and how is it changing, Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment (2014) 34(2):16-25.
2
[3]Chiu T. Y., Lo S. L., Establishing an Integration-Energy-Practice Model to Improve Energy Efficiency in ISO 50001 Energy Management Systems: A Case Study for a Networking Products Company. 品質學報 (2015) 22(1):15-28.
3
[4]Chiu T. Y., Lo S. L., Tsai Y. Y., Establishing an Integration-Energy-Practice Model for Improving Energy Performance Indicators in ISO 50001 Energy Management Systems, Energies (2012) 5(12):5324-5339.
4
[5]Gopalakrishnan B., Ramamoorthy K., Crowe E., Chaudhari S., Latif H., A Structured Approach for Facilitating the Implementation of ISO 50001 Standard in the Manufacturing Sector, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments (2014) 7:154-165.
5
[6]Jovanović B., Filipović J., ISO 50001 Standard-Based Energy Management Maturity Model-Proposal and Validation in Industry, Journal of Cleaner Production (2016) 112:2744-2755.
6
[7]Karcher P., Jochem R., Success Factors and Organizational Approaches for the Implementation of Energy Management Systems According to ISO 50001, The TQM Journal (2015) 27(4):361-381.
7
[8]Martl M., Energy Monitoring System EMS as an Integrated Approach by LINGL for Energy Management in Accordance with DIN-EN 16001 or ISO 50001, In Ceramic Forum International (2012) 89.
8
[9]Rodriguez A. R., Alvarez D. M., Paneda X. G., Alvarez A., Carvajal D. A., Orueta G. D., Paneda A. G., Service To Manage the Efficient Driving of Combustion Vehicle Fleets to Support ISO 50001, IEEE Latin America Transactions (2015) 13(4): 1198-1204.
9
[10]Zając P., Evaluation of Automatic Identification Systems According to ISO 50001: 2011, In Progress in Automation, Robotics and Measuring Techniques, Springer International Publishing (2015) 345-355.
10
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of supportive spaces and people on heating energy demand in cold climate in Iran
Decreasing heating needed energy of building located in mountainous areas without any urban infrastructure of energy supply and services is one of the most important things to get thermal comfort. Accordingly, using building conditions based on different types of applicability and passive design strategies should be considered. Therefore, the objective of this study was to achieve the proper heating needed energy for proposing functional model as a mountainous shelter located in Iran. Two influence factors namely, number of people per area and different supportive space were considered. The analysis has been performed by Honeybee and Ladybug add-ons in Rhino/Grasshopper software. Material characteristic, zone load, location and climate data as sub-parameter were calculated using ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010. The results indicated that regarding to time-use period of the shelter that is mostly in warm months, the highest performance of the space, based on minimum heating needed energy was attributed to the maximum size of supportive space by 608 m2 when the number of people was 0.26 per area. The reduction of heating needed energy was 17% in cold month and 23% in warm month.
https://www.energyequipsys.com/article_28972_032c418099f931c48d508b7565f8929a.pdf
2017-12-01
357
374
10.22059/ees.2017.28972
Heating Needed Energy
Number of People Per Area
Supportive Space
Azin
Keshtkarbanaeemoghadam
azinmoghadam@gmail.com
1
Department of Architecture, Damavand Branch, Islamic Azad University Damavand, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Hadi
Kaboli
hadikaboli@damavandiau.ac.ir
2
Department of Architecture, Damavand Branch, Islamic Azad University Damavand, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
Dehghanbanadaki
a.dehghan1916@yahoo.com
3
Department of Civil Engineering, Damavand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damavand, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] K.W. Wan, Li D.H.W., Liu D., Lam J.C., Future Trends of Building Heating and Cooling Loads and Energy Consumption in Different Climates, Building and Environment (2011) 46 (1): 223-34.
1
[2] Liu Y., Wan K.W., Li D.H.W., Lam J.C., A New Method to Develop Typical Weather Years in Different Climates for Building Energy Use Studies, Energy (2011) 36(10): 6121-29.
2
[3] Haojie W., Chen Q., Impact of Climate Change Heating and Cooling Energy Use in Buildings in the United States, Energy and Buildings (2014)82: 428-36.
3
[4] Zhao M., Hartwig M.K., Florian A., Parameters Influencing the Energy Performance of Residential Buildings in Different Chinese Climate Zones, Energy and Buildings (2015) 96 :64-75.
4
[5] Qiaoxia Y., Liu M., Shu C., Mmereki D., Hossain Md U., Zhan X., Impact Analysis of Window-Wall Ratio on Heating and Cooling Energy Consumption of Residential Buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone in China, Journal of Engineering (2015).
5
[6] Lee J.W., Jung H.J., Park J.Y., Lee J.B., Yoon Y., Optimization of Building Window System in Asian Regions by Analyzing Solar Heat Gain and Daylighting Elements, Renewable energy (2013) 50:522-31.
6
[7] Goia F., Search for the Optimal Window-to-Wall Ratio in Office Buildings in Different European Climates and the Implications on Total Energy Saving Potential, Solar Energy (2016) 132: 467-92.
7
[8] Ekici B. B., Gulten A.A., Aksoy U.T., A Study on the Optimum Insulation Thicknesses of Various Types of External Walls with Respect to Different Materials, Fuels and Climate Zones in Turkey, Applied Energy 92 (2012): 211-17.
8
[9] Ozel M., Thermal Performance and Optimum Insulation Thickness of Building Walls with Different Structure Materials, Applied Thermal Engineering(2011) 31(17): 3854-63.
9
[10] Meester D. T., Marique A.F., Herde A.D., Reiter S., Impacts of Occupant Behaviours on Residential Heating Consumption for Detached Houses in a Temperate Climate in the Northern Part of Europe, Energy and Buildings (2013) 57:313-23.
10
[11] Wei S., Jones R., Goodhew S., Wilde P.D., Occupants’Space Heating Behaviour in a Simulation-Intervention Loop, Paper Presented at the Building Simulation Conference (2013).
11
[12] Vladimír G., Sedláková A., Energy Consumption Conditioned by Shapes of Buildings, Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym; Czestochowa University of Technology: Czestochowa, Poland (2011).
12
[13] Itai D., Fröling M., Joelsson A., The Impact of the Shape Factor on Final Energy Demand in Residential Buildings in Nordic Climates, Paper presented at the World Renewable Energy Forum, WREF 2012, Including World Renewable Energy Congress XII and Colorado Renewable Energy Society (CRES) Annual Conference; Code94564 (2012).
13
[14] ASHRAE Inc., ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2010: Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings, S-I and I-P Editions (2010).
14
[15] http://www.meteonorm.com/en/
15
[16] http://www.grasshopper3d.com/
16
[17] Sadeghipour Roudsari M., Pak M., Smith A., Ladybug a Parametric Environmental Plugin for Grasshopper to Help Designers Create an Environmentally-Conscious Design (2013).
17
[18] Buratti C., Moretti E., Belloni E., Cotana F., Unsteady Simulation of Energy Performance and Thermal Comfort in Non-Residential Buildings, Building and Environment (2013) 59: 482-91.
18
[19] Mattia De R., Bianco V., Scarpa F., Tagliafico L.A., Heating and Cooling Building Energy Demand Evaluation; a Simplified Model and a Modified Degree Days Approach, Applied energy (2014) 128: 217-29.
19
[20] Thomas O., Andersson S., Östin R., A Method for Predicting the Annual Building Heating Demand Based on Limited Performance Data, Energy and Buildings (1998) 28 (1) : 101-08.
20
[21] Velasco T., Cesar P., Christensen C., Bianchi M., Verification and Validation of Energyplus Phase Change Material Model for Opaque Wall Assemblies, Building and Environment (2012) 54:186-96.
21
[22] Nelson F., Mago P., Luck R., Methodology to Estimate Building Energy Consumption Using Energyplus Benchmark Models, Energy and Buildings (2010) 42(12): 2331-37.
22
[23] Xing S., Yang W., Performance-Driven Architectural Design and Optimization Technique from a Perspective of Architects, Automation in Construction (2013) 32: 125-35.
23
[24], Yannis O., Papadopoulos D., Zwerlein C., An Integrated Performance Analysis Platform for Sustainable Architecture and Urban Infrastructure Systems (2015).
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[25] Ionuţ A., Tănase D., Informed Geometries, Parametric Modelling and Energy Analysis in Early Stages of Design, Energy Procedia (2016) 85: 9-16.
25
[26] Kyle K., Gamas A., Kensek K., Passive Performance and Building Form: An Optimization Framework for Early-Stage Design Support, Solar Energy (2016) 125: 161-79.
26
[27] Vasanthakumar S., A Computational Design System for Environmentally Responsive Urban Design (2015).
27
[28] Nakano A., Urban Weather Generator User Interface Development: Towards a Usable Tool for Integrating Urban Heat Island Effect within Urban Design Process, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2015).
28
[29] Zhou Y. P., Wu J. Y., Wang R. Z., Shiochi S., Li Y. M., Simulation and Experimental Validation of the Variable-Refrigerant-Volume (VRV) Air-Conditioning System in EnergyPlus, Energy and buildings (2008) 40(6): 1041-1047.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Equipment capacity optimization of an educational building’s CCHP system by genetic algorithm and sensitivity analysis
Combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems produce electricity, cooling, and heat due to their high efficiency and low emission. These systems have been widely applied in various building types, such as offices, hotels, hospitals and malls. In this paper, an economic and technical analysis to determine the size and operation of the required gas engine for specific electricity, cooling, and heating load curves during a year has been conducted for a building. To perform this task, an objective function net present value (NPV) was introduced and maximized by a genetic algorithm (GA). In addition, the results end up finding optimal capacities. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was necessary to show how the optimal solutions vary due to changes in some key parameters such as fuel price, buying electricity price, and selling electricity price. The results show that these parameters have an effect on the system’s performance.
https://www.energyequipsys.com/article_28974_ab54cbf78e54bff21b89f12d954eaa3e.pdf
2017-12-01
375
387
10.22059/ees.2017.28974
Combined Cooling Heating and Power
Net Present Value
Internal Rate of Return
Primary Energy Saving
genetic algorithm
Mohammadreza
Shahnazari
shahnazari@kntu.ac.ir
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Leila
Samandari-Masouleh
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeed
Emami
saeed.emami57@gmail.com
3
Department of Management Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Ren H., Gao W., Ruan Y., Applied Thermal Engineering (2008)28:514–523.
1
[2] Sun Z.G., Wang R.Z., Sun W.Z., Applied Thermal Engineering (2004) 24: 941–947.
2
[3] Lin L., Wang Y., Applied Thermal Engineering (2007) 27:576–585.
3
[4] Kishore Khatri K., Sharma D., Soni S.L., Tanwar D., Applied Thermal Engineering (2010) 30: 1505-1509.
4
[5] Cockroft J., Kelly N., Energy Conversion and Management (2006) 47: 2349–2360.
5
[6] Sun Z., Energy and Buildings (2008) 40: 126–130.
6
[7] Fumo N., Mago P. J., Chamra L. M., Applied Energy (2009)8:928–932.
7
[8] Ehyaei M.A., Bahadori M.N., Energy and Buildings (2007)39:1227–1234.
8
[9] Liu M., Shi Y., Fang F., Applied Energy (2012)95:164–173.
9
[10] Mago P.J., Chamra L.M., Ramsay J., Applied Thermal Engineering (2010) 30: 800–806.
10
[11] Kanoglu M., Dincer I., Energy Conversion and Management (2009) 50:76-81.
11
[12] Silveira J.L., Tuna C.E., Progress in Energy and Combustion (2003)29:479–485.
12
[13] Marques R. P., Hacon D., Tessarollo A., Parise J. A. R., Energy and Buildings (2010) 42:2323–2330.
13
[14] Rosen M.A., Le M.N., Dincer I., Applied Thermal Engineering (2005) 25:147–159.
14
[15] Basrawi M. F. B., Yamada T., Nakanishi K., Katsumata H., Energy (2012)38:291-304.
15
[16] Ghaebia H., Saidia M.H., Ahmadi P., Applied Thermal Engineering (2012) 36: 113-125.
16
[17] Sayyaadi H., Abdollahi G.. Energy and Buildings (2013) 60:330–344.
17
[18] Wang J., Jing Y., Zhang C., Applied Energy (2010)87:1325–1335.
18
[19] Wu D.W., Wang R.Z., Progress in Energy and Combustion (2006) 32:459–495.
19
[20] Sanaye S., Aghaei M., AbaddinShokrollahi S., Applied Thermal Engineering (2008) 28: 1177-1188.
20
[21] Sun Z.G., Wang R.Z., Sun W.Z., Applied Thermal Engineering (2004) 24: 941–947.
21
[22] Hashemi R., Transactions on Energy Conversion (2009) 24: 222-229.
22
[23] Sanaye S., Ardali Raessi M., Applied Energy (2009) 86: 895–903.
23
[24] http:// www.tavanir.org.ir, Tavanir Org.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
RETRACTED! Transient stability enhancement of DFIG based 10 MW wind farm by using of new inductive bridge type fault current limiter
RETRACTED
https://www.energyequipsys.com/article_28975_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
2017-12-01
389
399
10.22059/ees.2017.28975
Md Emrad
Hossain
1
Department of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), Remington College, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The finite element analysis of the linear hybrid reluctance motor for the electromagnetic launch system
The Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) is being developed utilizing electrical and electronic technologies. EMALS is emerging in order to replace the existing steam catapult on naval carriers. Recently, the double-sided linear launcher has drawn increasing attention of researchers. This paper presents the design and analysis of the Linear Hybrid Reluctance Motor (LHRM). This new motor is characterized by a stator, formed by a combination of independent magnetic structures. Each magnetic structure is composed of an electromagnet—the magnetic core with one or several coils wound around it and associated with a permanent magnet, disposed between their poles. The rotor has the same configuration of a switched reluctance motor (SRM) without any coil, magnets or squirrel cage. In order to improve the thrust of LHRM, the structural characteristics and magnetic field are analyzed. According to the initial design, the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is presented to obtain the magnetic cogging force and thrust force. Moreover, the effects of the parameters on the thrust and thrust ripple waveforms are analyzed using FEA.
https://www.energyequipsys.com/article_28976_c49c8cfc0696c738307e880b0e3c5609.pdf
2017-12-01
401
409
10.22059/ees.2017.28976
EMALS
LHRM
Double-Sided
FEA
Magnetic Field Analysis
Hassan
Moradi Cheshmehbeigi
ha.moradi@razi.ac.ir
1
Electrical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Farzad
Fathinia
farzad.fathinia@yahoo.com
2
Electrical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
[1]Richard R. B., Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System Development Considerations, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics (2001) 37(1):52–54.
1
[2]Doyle M.R., Samuel D.J., Conway T., Klimowski R.R, Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System-EMALS, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics (1995) 31(1): 528 – 533.
2
[3]Patterson D., Monti A., Brice C.W., Dougal R.A., Pettus R.O., Dhulipala S., Kovuri D.C., Bertoncelli T, Design and Simulation of a Permanent-Magnet Electromagnetic Aircraft Launcher, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics (2005) 41(2) 566 – 575.
3
[4]Kou B. Q., Huang X.Z., Wu H.X, Li L.Y., Thrust and Thermal Characteristics of Electromagnetic Launcher Based on Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motors, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, (2009) 45(1):358 – 362.
4
[5]Hao C., Qianlong W., Modeling of Switched Reluctance Linear Launcher, IEEE Plasma Science (2013) 41(5):1123 – 1130.
5
[6]Mahir D., Harun Ö., Design and Analysis of a Double Sided Linear Switched Reluctance Motor Driver for Elevator Door, PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY (Electrical Review), ISSN 0033-2097(2011).
6
[7]Andrada P., Blanqué B., Martínez E., Torrent M., New Hybrid Reluctance Motor Drive, in Process ICEM, Marseille, France (2012) 2689–2694.
7
[8]Hao Ch., Qianlong W., Herbert Ho-Ching I., Acceleration Closed-Loop Control on a Switched Reluctance Linear Launcher’, IEEE Plasma Science (2013) 41(5) 1131- 1137.
8
[9]Miller T. J. E., Converter Volt-Ampere Requirements of the Switched Reluctance Motor Drive, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications (1985) 21 (5): 1136-1144.
9
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Energy flow modeling of broiler production in Guilan province of Iran
The aim of this research was to study the energy flow and the modelling of energy use in broiler production in the Guilan Province of Iran. The data were gathered through interview with 25 broiler farm managers out of a total of 146 broiler producers in Rasht, the center of Guilan Province, Iran. The effect of broiler farm size at three levels—small (˂20,000 birds), medium (20,000–30,000 birds), and large (˃30,000 birds)–was evaluated, based on the energy use indices. The Cobb-Douglas model and sensitivity analysis were used to investigate the effects of energy inputs on poultry production. The results showed that the total energy input and energy ratio were 2,605.54 Mcal (1000 birds)-1 and 0.234, respectively. Diesel fuel and feed were ranked the first and second energy inputs for broiler production with the shares of 43.92% and 36.68%, respectively, of the total energy input. The shares of renewable and non-renewable energy forms in broiler production were determined to be 37.33% and 62.67% of the total energy input, respectively. The energy ratios of small, medium, and large farms were computed as 0.232, 0.225, and 0.250, respectively. Consequently, the large-sized farms were more energy efficient than the small and medium-sized ones. Results of the Cobb-Douglas model showed that the impacts of energy inputs of labor, chick, diesel fuel, machinery, disinfectants, and medicines on broiler performance were positive, while the impacts of electricity and feed were negative.
https://www.energyequipsys.com/article_28977_3986f1e55a130734cf079132b2ffbfa0.pdf
2017-12-01
411
418
10.22059/ees.2017.28977
Agriculture
Energy Analysis
Modeling
Poultry
Saeed
Firouzi
firoozi@iaurasht.ac.ir
1
Department of Agronomy, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad
Bagherzadeh
mohamad_b131@yahoo.com
2
Department of Agronomy, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Amir Hossein
Bazyar
3
Sama Technical and Vocational training college, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
[1]Esengun K., Erdal G., Gunduz O., Erdal H., An Economic Analysis and Energy Use in Staketomato Production in Tokat Province of Turkey, Renewable Energy, (2007)32:1873-1881.
1
[2]Payandeh Z., Kheiralipour K., Karimi M., Khoshnevisan B., Joint Data Envelopment Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment for Environmental Impact Reduction in Broiler Production Systems, Energy (2017) 127:768-774.
2
[3]Rajaniemi M., Ahokas J., A Case Study of Energy Consumption Measurement System in Broiler Production, Agronomy Research Biosystem Engineering Special Issue (2012) 1:195-204.
3
[4]Amid S., Mesri Gundoshmian T., Shahgoli Gh., Rafiee, Sh., Energy Use Pattern and Optimization of Energy Required for Broiler Production Using Data Envelopment Analysis, Information Processing in Agriculture (2016)3:83–91.
4
[5]Rajaniemi M., Ahokas J., Direct Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions in a Finnish Broiler House-a Case Study, Agricultural and Food Science (2015) 24: 10-23.
5
http://journal.fi/afs/article/view/48012/14715> Accessed (2017)
6
[6]Katajajuuri J.M., Grönroos J., Usva K., Virtanen Y., Sipilä I., Venäläinen E., Kurppa S., Tanskanen R., Mattila T., Virtanen H., Environmental Impacts and Improvement Options of Sliced Broiler Fillet Production, Maa- ja elintarviketalous (2006) 90:118.
7
<http://www.mtt.fi/met/pdf/met90.pdf> Accessed (2017) (In Finnish, extended summary in English).
8
[7]Hörndahl T., Energy Use in Farm Building- a Study of 16 Farms with Different Enterprises, Revised and Translated Second Edition, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Landscape Planning, Horticulture and Agricultural Science, Report (2008)8:43.
9
<http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/3396/1/Eng-rapport145-v1.pdf> Accessed (2017)
10
[8]Heidari M.D., Omid M., Akram, A., Energy Efficiency and Econometric Analysis of Broiler Production Farms, Energy (2011)36:6536-6541.
11
[9]Najafi S., Khademolhosseini N., Ahmadauli O., Investigation of Energy Efficiency of Broiler Farms in Different Capacity Management Systems, Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science (2012) 2(2):185-189.
12
[10]Amid S., Mesri Gundoshmian T., Prediction of Output Energies for Broiler Production Using Linear Regression, ANN (MLP, RBF), and ANFIS Models. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy (2017)36(2):577-585.
13
[11]Demirel Y., Energy, Green Energy and Technology, Springer-Verlag London Limited (2012) 27-70. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-2372-9-2
14
[12]Kalhor T., Rajabipour A., Akram A., Sharifi M., Modeling of Energy Ratio index in Broiler Production units Using Artificial Neural Networks, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments (2016)17: 50–55.
15
[13]Najafi S., Khademolhosseini N., Ahmadauli O., Investigation of Energy Efficiency of Broiler Farms in Different Capacity Management Systems, Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science (2012) 2(2):185-189.
16
[14]Singh J.M., On Farm Energy Use Pattern in Different Crop-Ping Systems in Hayrana, India, MS Thesis, International Institute of Management, University of Flenburg, Germany (2002).
17
[15]Atilgan A., Koknaroglu H., Cultural Energy Analysis on Broilers Reared in Different Capacity Poultry Houses, Italian Journal of Animal Science (2006)5:393–400.
18
[16]Sainz R., Livestock-Environment Initiative Fossil Fuels Component Framework for Calculating Fossil Fuel Use in Live-Stock Systems (2003).
19
<https://www.researchgate.net/
20
Publication/242579280> Accessed (2017).
21
[17]Amid S., Mesri Gundoshmian T., Rafiee Sh., Shahgoli Gh., Energy and Economic Analysis of Broiler Production under Different Farm Sizes, Elixir Agriculture (2015)78:29688-29693.
22
[18]Mobtaker H.G., Akram A., Keyhani A., Energy use and Sensitivity Analysis of Energy Inputs for Alfalfa Production in Iran, Energy for Sustainable Development(2012) 16:84–9.
23
[19]Royan M., Khojastehpour M., Emadi B., Mobtaker H.G., Investigation of Energy Inputs for Peach Production Using Sensitivity Analysis in Iran, Energy Conversion and Management (2012) 64: 441–6.
24
[20]Amini Sh., Kazemi N., Marzban A., Evaluation of Energy Consumption and Economic Analysis for Traditional and Modern Farms of Broiler Production. Biological Forum-An International Journal (2015)7(1):905-911.
25
[21]Yamini Sefat M., Borgaee A.M., Beheshti B., Bakhoda H., Modelling Energy Efficiency in Broiler Chicken Production Units Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN), International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences (2014)8(1):07-14.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Multi objective optimization of the MED-TVC system with exergetic and heat transfer analysis
The mathematical model to predict the performance and the exergetic efficiency in a multi-effect desalination system with thermal vapor compression (MED-TVC system) has been presented. The energy and the concentration conservation law were developed for each effect, considering the boiling point elevation and the various thermodynamic losses by developing the mathematical models. These analyses led to the determination of the thermodynamic properties at different points and to the gain output ratio (GOR) values. Then, a heat transfer equation was developed in each effect and the required heat transfer areas were determined. Finally, irreversibility analysis was performed, from which the exergy destruction (considering chemical and physical exergy) and the exergetic efficiency were calculated. To obtain the optimum point of a system, multi-objective optimization was used. Determination of the best trade-off between GOR and heat transfer area was the final goal of this optimization. The optimum design led to a selected system with the lowest heat transfer area (and related cost) and the highest GOR.
https://www.energyequipsys.com/article_28978_59c3c783f29878591621a643823607ed.pdf
2017-12-01
419
430
10.22059/ees.2017.28978
Desalination
Exergy Analysis
Heat Transfer Analysis
Multi-Effect Distillation
Optimization
Somayyeh
Sadri
s.sadri595@gmail.com
1
Faculty of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, P.O. Box 16765-1719, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ramin
Haghighi Khoshkhoo
2
Faculty of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, P.O. Box 16765-1719, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad
Ameri
ameri_m@yahoo.com
3
Faculty of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, P.O. Box 16765-1719, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Ameri M., Seif Mohammadi S., Hosseini M., Seifi M., Effect of Design Parameters on Multi Effect Desalination System Specifications, Desalination (2009) 245: 266-283.
1
[2] Sayyaadi H., Saffari A., Mahmoodian A. Various Approaches in Optimization of Multi Effect Distillation Systems Using a Hybrid Meta-Heuristic Optimization Tool, Desalination (2010) 254: 138-148.
2
[3] Shakouri M., Ghadamian H., Sheiholeslami R., Optimal Model for Multi Effect Desalination System Integrated with Gas Turbine, Desalination (2010) 260: 254-263.
3
[4] Luo C., Zhang N., Loir N., Lin H., Proposal and Analysis of a Dual Purpose System Integrating a Chemically Recuperated Gas Turbine Cycle with Thermal Seawater Desalination, Energy (2011) 36: 3791-3803.
4
[5] Zhao D., Xue J., Li S., Sun H., Zhang Q., Theoretical Analysis of Thermal and Economical Aspects of Multi Effect Distillation Desalination dealing with High Salinity Wastewater, Desalination (2011) 273: 292-298.
5
[6] Kouhikamali R., Sanaei M., Mehdizadeh M., Process Investigation of Different Locations of Thermo Compressor suction in MED-TVC Plants, Desalination (2011) 280: 134-138.
6
[7] Shakib S. E., Amidpour M., Aghanajafi C., Simulation and Optimization of Multi Effect Desalination Coupled to a Gas turbine Plant with HRSG Consideration, Desalination (2012) 285: 366-376.
7
[8] Maraver D., Uche J., Royo J., Assessment of High Temperature Organic Rankine Cycle Engine for polygeneration with MED Desalination, A preliminary approach, Energy Conversion and Management (2012) 53: 108-117.
8
[9] Al-Mutaz I. S., Wazeer I., Current Status and Future Directions of MED-TVC Desalination Technology, Desalin, Water Treatment (2014) 55: 1-9.
9
[10] Kashi A., Investigation of Energy Efficiency and Produced Water in Desalination Distillation Systems, International Water Technology Journal (2015) 5: 1-19.
10
[11] Ettouney H.M., El-Dessouky H. Fundamentals of Salt Water Desalination, Kuwait University (2002).
11
[12] Sharqawy M.H., Lienhard V J.H., Zubair S.M., On Exergy Calculations of Seawater with Applications in Desalination Systems, International Journal of Thermal Sciences (2011) 50: 187-196.
12
[13] Ashour M.M., Steady State Analysis of the Tripoli West LT-HT-MED Plant, Desalination (2002) 152: 191-194 .
13
[14] Al-Mutaz I.S., Wazeer I., Development of a Steady-State Mathematical Model for MEE-TVC Desalination Plants, Desalination (2014) 351: 9-18.
14
[15] MAPNA Group, Qeshm Water and Power Cogeneration Plant Data, Iran (2011).
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Numerical simulation of a solar chimney power plant in the southern region of Iran
Three-dimensional numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effects of pressure drop across the turbine and solar radiance on the performance of a solar chimney power plant (SCPP). The SCPP system expected to provide electric power to a city is located in southern region of Iran (city of Lamerd, Fars province). Its dimensions are similar to the Manzanares prototype (built in Spain, 1970s). The results demonstrated that the SCPP can provide up to 40–200 KW of power, depending on the season. It was found that the turbine pressure drop and the solar radiation had significant effects on the first and second law efficiencies.
https://www.energyequipsys.com/article_28979_6b81f0d323a9446b824d3ca09a4b4ac7.pdf
2017-12-01
431
437
10.22059/ees.2017.28979
Solar Chimney Power Plant
Turbine Pressure Drop
Performance analysis
South of Iran
Output power
Morteza
Bayareh
m.bayareh@eng.sku.ac.ir
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Haaf W., Solar Chimneys, Part 2, Preliminary Test Results from the Manzanares Pilot Plant, International Journal of Solar Energy (1984) 2: 141-169.
1
[2] Haaf W., Friedrich K., Mayr G., Schlaich J., Solar Chimneys, Part 1, Principle and Construction of the Pilot Plant in Manzanares, International Journal of Solar Energy (1983) 2: 3-20.
2
[3] Schlaich J., Bergermann R., Schiel W., Weinrebe G., Sustainable Electricity Generation with Solar Updraft Towers, Structural Engineering International (2003) 3: 222-229.
3
[4] Pretorius J. P., Kroger D. G., Solar Chimney Plant Performance, Journal of Solar Energy (2006) 128: 302-311.
4
[5] Zhou X., Yang J., Xiao B., Xing F., Analysis of Chimney Height for Solar Chimney Power Plant, Applied Thermal Engineering (2009) 29(1): 178-185.
5
[6] Larbi S., Bouhdjar A., Chergui T., Performance Analysis of a Solar Chimney Power Plant in the Southen Region of Algeria, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (2010) 14: 470-477.
6
[7] Sangi R., Amidpour M., Hosseinizadeh B., Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Solar Chimney Power Plant, Solar Energy (2011) 85: 829-838.
7
[8] Li J. Y., Guo P.H., Wang Y., Effects of Collector Radius and Chimney Height on Power Output of a Solar Chimney Power Plant with Turbines, Renewable Energy (2012) 47: 21-28.
8
[9] Xu G., Ming T., Pan Y., Meng F., Zhou C., Numerical Analysis of the Performance of Solar Chimney Power Plant System, Energy Conversion and Management (2011) 52: 876-883.
9
[10] Maia C. B., Ferreira A. G., Valle R. M., Cortez M. F. B., Theoretical Evaluation of the Influence of Geometric Parameters and Materials on the Behavior of the Air Flow in a Solar Chimney, Computers and Fluids (2009) 38: 625-636.
10
[11] Lebbi M., Chergui T., Boualit H., Boutina I., Influence of Geometric Parameters on the Hydrodynamics Control of Solar Chimney, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (2014) 39: 15246-15255.
11
[12] Lee D. S., Hung T. C., Lin J. R., Zhao J., Experimental Investigations on Solar Chimney for Optimal Heat Collection to be Utilized in Organic Rankine Cycle, Applied Energy (2015) 154: 651-662.
12
[13] Sudprasert S., Chinsorranant C., Rattanadecho P., Numerical Study of Vertical Solar Chimneys with Moist Air in a Hot and Humid Climate, Intenational Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer (2016) 102: 645-656.
13
[14] Guo P., Li J., Wang Y., Liu Y., Numerical Analysis of the Optimal Turbine Pressure Drop Ratio in a Solar Chimney Power Plant, Solar Energy (2013) 98: 42-48.
14