ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Performance improvement of a wind turbine blade using a developed inverse design method
The purpose of this study is to improve the aerodynamic performance of wind turbine blades, using the Ball-Spine inverse design method. The inverse design goal is to calculate a geometry corresponds to a given pressure distribution on its boundaries. By calculating the difference between the current and target pressure distributions, geometric boundaries are modified so that the pressure difference becomes negligible and the target geometry can be obtained. In this paper, The Ball-Spine inverse design algorithm as a shape modification algorithm is incorporated into CFX flow solver to optimize a wind turbine airfoil. First, the presented inverse design method is validated for a symmetric airfoil in viscous incompressible external flows. Then, the pressure distribution of the asymmetric airfoil of a horizontal wind turbine is modified in such a way that its loading coefficient increases. The lift coefficient and lift to drag ratio for the new modified airfoil get 5% and 3.8% larger than that of the original airfoil. The improved airfoil is substituted by the original airfoil, respectively. in the wind turbine. Finally, the aerodynamic performance of the new wind turbine is calculated by 3-D numerical simulation. The results show that the power factor of the new optimized wind turbine is about 3.2% larger than that of the original one.
https://www.energyequipsys.com/article_20122_7e422d22e2b8ca833841613ec0bbd93d.pdf
2016-06-01
1
10
10.22059/ees.2016.20122
ANSYS CFX
Improved Aerodynamics
inverse design
Wind Turbine Airfoil
Mahdi
Nili-Ahmadabadi
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Farzad
Mokhtarinia
farzad.9889@yahoo.com
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Shirani
mehdi.shirani@cc.iut.ac.ir
3
Subsea R&D Center, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Stanitz J.D., Design of Two-Dimensional Channels with Prescribed Velocity Distributions along the Duct Walls, Technical Report 1115, Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory (1953).
1
[2] Dedoussis V., Chaviaropoulos P., Papailiou K.D., Rotational Compressible Inverse Design Method for Two-Dimensional, Internal Flow Configurations, AIAA Journal, (1993) 31: 551-558.
2
[3] Garabedian P., McFadden G., Computational Fluid Dynamics of Airfoils and Wings. Journal Scientific Computing (1982)1-16.
3
[4] Garabedian P., McFadden G., Design of Supercritical Swept Wings. AIAA Journal (1982) 20:289-91.
4
[5] Malone J., Vadyak J., Sankar L., Inverse Aerodynamic Design Method for Aircraft Components, Journal of Aircraft. (1987)24:8-9.
5
[6] Malone J., Vadyak J., Sankar L., A Technique for the Inverse Aerodynamic Design of Nacelles and Wing Configurations, AAIA Paper, AAIA-85-4096(1985).
6
[7] Malone J., Narramore J., Sankar L., An Efficient Airfoil Design Method Using the Navier–Stokes Equations, AGARD, Paper 5 (1989).
7
[8] Dulikravich G.S., Baker D.P., Using Existing Flow-Field Analysis Codes for Inverse Design of Three-Dimentional Aerodynamic Shapes. Recent Development of Aerodynamic Design Methodologies, (1999) 89-112 Springer.
8
[9] Barger R. L., Brooks C. W., A Streamline Curvature Method for Design of Supercritical and Subcritical Airfoils, NASA TN D-7770(1974).
9
[10] Campbell R.L., Smith L.A., A Hybrid Algorithm for Transonic Airfoil and Wing Design, AIAA Paper 87-2552 (1987).
10
[11] Bell R.A., Cedar R.D., An Inverse Method for the Aerodynamic Design of Three-Dimensional Aircraft Engine Nacelles (1991) (See Dulikravich 1991, 405-17).
11
[12] Malone J.B., Narramore J.C., Sankar L.N., An Efficient Airfoil Design Method Using the Navier-Stokes Equations (1989) (See AGARD 1989, Paper 5).
12
[13] Nili-Ahmadabadi M., Durali M., Hajilouy-Benisi A., Ghadak F., Inverse Design of 2-D Subsonic Ducts Using Flexible String Algorithm. Journal Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering. (2009) 17: 1037-57.
13
[14] Nili-Ahmadabadi M., Hajilouy A., Durali M., Ghadak F., Duct Design in Subsonic & Supersonic Flow Regimes with & without Shock Using Flexible String Algorithm, Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo (2009) Florida, USA, GT2009-59744.
14
[15] Nili-Ahmadabadi M., Hajilouy-Benisi A., Ghadak F., Durali M., A Novel 2D Incompressible Viscous Inverse Design Method for Internal Flows Using Flexible String Algorithm, Journal of fluids engineering. (2010) 132.
15
[16] Nili-Ahmadabadi M., Durali M., Hajilouy-Benisi A., A Novel Aerodynamic Design Method for Centrifugal Compressor Impeller, Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics (2014) 7: 329-344.
16
[17] Nili Ahmadabadi M., Ghadak F., Mohammadi M., Subsonic and Transonic Airfoil Inverse Design via Ball-Spine Algorithm, Journal Computers & Fluids (2013).
17
[18] Henriques J.C.C., Marques da Silva F., Estanqueiro A.I., Gato L.M.C., Design of a New Urban Wind Turbine Airfoil Using a Pressure-Load Inverse Method. Renewable Energy (2009) 34:2728–2734.
18
[19]Kamouna B., Afungchuia D., Abid M., The Inverse Design of the Wind Turbine Blade Sections by the Singularities Method, Renewable Energy (2006) 31: 2091–2107.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of solid oxide fuel cell anode based on active triple phase boundary length and tortuosity
An efficient procedure is presented for the evaluation of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode microstructure triple phase boundary length (TPBL). Triple phase boundary- the one that is common between three phases of the microstructure- has a great influence on the overall efficiency of SOFC because all electrochemical reactions of anode take place in its vicinity. Therefore, evaluation of TPBL for virtual or experimental 3D microstructures is essential for comparison purposes and the optimization processes. In this study, first, an algorithm is proposed to distinguish between percolated and non-percolated clusters for each of the phases. Then, another algorithm is used to determine the value of TPBL for all percolated clusters of three phases. Also, a procedure based on thermal and diffusion analogy is presented to assess the tortuosity of porous and solid phases. Finally for a virtual microstructure, percolated clusters, active and total TPBL and tortuosity are calculated and discussed.
https://www.energyequipsys.com/article_20123_a156097d31226ef84ca5f1c7a7e21560.pdf
2016-06-01
11
19
10.22059/ees.2016.20123
Active Triple Phase Boundary Length
Anode
Active Cluster
Solid oxide fuel cell
Tortuosity
Ali
Hasanabadi
1
School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 111554563, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Majid
Baniassadi
m.baniassadi@ut.ac.ir
2
School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 111554563, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Karen
Abrinia
3
School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 111554563, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mostafa
Baghani
4
School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 111554563, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Mazrouei Sebdani
5
School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 111554563, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Dincer I., Colpan C. O., CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Stationary Fuel Cells, in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, From Materials to System Modeling, ed: The Royal Society of Chemistry (2013) 1-25, ISBN 978-1-84973-654-1, The Royal Society of Chemistry.
1
[2] Bove R. and Ubertini S., Modeling Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Methods, Procedures and Techniques (2014) 3-13, ISBN 9789400796102, Springer Netherlands.
2
[3] Cronin J. S., Chen-Wiegart Y.-c. K., Wang J., Barnett S. A., Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and Analysis of an Entire Solid Oxide Fuel Cell by Full-Field Transmission X-ray Microscopy, Journal of Power Sources (2013) 233: 174-179.
3
[4] Lanzini A., Leone P., Asinari P., Microstructural Characterization of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrodes by Image Analysis Technique, Journal of Power Sources (2009) 194: 408-422.
4
[5] He W., Lv W., Dickerson J. H., Gas Transport in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2014) 1-33 ,ISBN 978-3-319-09736-7 , New York: Springer.
5
[6] Baniassadi M., Garmestani H., Li D. S., Ahzi S., Khaleel M., Sun X., Three-Phase Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode Microstructure Realization Using Two-Point Correlation Functions, Acta Materialia (2011) 59: 30-43.
6
[7] Endo A., Wada S., Wen C. J., Komiyama H., Yamada K., Low Overvoltage Mechanism of High Ionic Conducting Cathode for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, Journal of The Electrochemical Society (1998) 145: L35-L37.
7
[8] Song X., Diaz A. R., Benard A., Nicholas J. D., A 2D Model for Shape Optimization of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathodes, Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization (2013) 47: 453-464.
8
[9] Baniassadi M., Ahzi S., Garmestani H., Ruch D., Remond Y., New Approximate Solution for N-Point Correlation Functions for Heterogeneous Materials, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids (2012) 60: 104-119.
9
[10] Hamedani H. A., Baniassadi M., Khaleel M., Sun X., Ahzi S., Garmestani H., Microstructure, Property and Processing Relation in Gradient Porous Cathode of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Using Statistical Continuum Mechanics, Journal of Power Sources (2011) 196: 6325-6331.
10
[11] Ghazavizadeh A., Soltani N., Baniassadi M., Addiego F., Ahzi S., Garmestani H., Composition of Two-Point Correlation Functions of Subcomposites in Heterogeneous Materials, Mechanics of Materials (2012) 51: 88-96.
11
[12] Amani Hamedani H., Baniassadi M., Sheidaei A., Pourboghrat F., Rémond Y., Khaleel M., et al., Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and Microstructure Modeling of Porosity-Graded Cathode Using Focused Ion Beam and Homogenization Techniques, Fuel Cells (2014) 14: 91-95.
12
[13] Tabei S. A., Sheidaei A., Baniassadi M., Pourboghrat F., Garmestani H., Microstructure Reconstruction and Homogenization of Porous Ni-YSZ Composites for Temperature Dependent Properties, Journal of Power Sources (2013) 235: 74-80.
13
[14] Irvine J. T.S., Connor P., Solid Oxide Fuels Cells, Facts and Figures (2013) 1-25 ,ISBN 978-1-4471-4455-7 ,London, Springer-Verlag.
14
[15] Sebdani M. M., Baniassadi M., Jamali J., Ahadiparast M., Abrinia K., Safdari M., Designing an Optimal 3D Microstructure for Three-Phase Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes with Maximal Active Triple Phase Boundary Length (TPBL), International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (2015) 40: 15585-15596.
15
[16]Deng X., Petric A., Geometrical Modeling of the Triple-Phase-Boundary in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Journal of Power Sources (2005) 140: 297-303.
16
[17] Janardhanan V. M., Heuveline V., Deutschmann O., Three-Phase Boundary Length in Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells, A Mathematical Model, Journal of Power Sources (2008) 178: 368-372.
17
[18] Golbert J., Adjiman C. S., Brandon N. P., Microstructural Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (2008) 47: 7693-7699.
18
[19] Suzue Y., Shikazono N., Kasagi N., Micro Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode Based on Stochastic Reconstruction, Journal of Power Sources (2008) 184: 52-59.
19
[20] Wilson J. R., Cronin J. S., Duong A. T., Rukes S., Chen H.-Y., Thornton K., et al., Effect of Composition of (La0.8Sr0.2MnO3–Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2) Cathodes, Correlating Three-Dimensional Microstructure and Polarization Resistance, Journal of Power Sources (2010) 195: 1829-1840.
20
[21] Shikazonoz N., Kanno D., Matsuzaki K., Teshima H., Sumino S., Kasagi N., Numerical Assessment of SOFC Anode Polarization Based on Three-Dimensional Model Microstructure Reconstructed from FIB-SEM Images, Journal of Electrochem. Society (2010) 157: B665-B672.
21
[22] Iwai H., Shikazono N., Matsui T., Teshima H., Kishimoto M., Kishida R., et al., Quantification of SOFC Anode Microstructure Based on Dual Beam FIB-SEM Technique, Journal of Power Sources (2010) 195: 955-961.
22
[23] Hoshen J., Kopelman R., Percolation and Cluster Distribution. I. Cluster Multiple Labeling Technique and Critical Concentration Algorithm, Physical Review B (1976) 14: 3438-3445.
23
[24] Torquato S., Random Heterogeneous Materials, Microstructure and Macroscopic Properties (2002) 355-357 ,ISBN 978-1-4757-6357-7, New York, Springer-Verlag.
24
[25] Riazat M., Baniasadi M., Mazrouie M., Tafazoli M., Moghimi Zand M., The Effect of Cathode Porosity on Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Performance, Energy Equipment and Systems (2015) 3: 25-32.
25
[26] Vivet N., Chupin S., Estrade E., Richard A., Bonnamy S., Rochais D., et al., Effect of Ni Content in SOFC Ni-YSZ Cermets, A Three-Dimensional Study by FIB-SEM Tomography, Journal of Power Sources (2011) 196: 9989-9997.
26
[27] Shikazono N., Kasagi N., CHAPTER 8 Three-Dimensional Numerical Modelling of Ni-YSZ Anode, in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Materials to System Modeling (2013) 200-218, ISBN 978-1-84973-654-1, The Royal Society of Chemistry.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Matlab simulation of solar panel MSX-64 at the best locations of Kermanshah province using GIS interpolation
Considering that the effective yield of a panel is equal to its total number of hours of solar radiation and temperature, only the effects of temperature and solar radiation intensity at the maximum power point (MPP) are investigated in this article. By collecting temperature data, sun's radiation hours from six synoptic meteorological stations in Kermanshah Province over the course of an eleven-year period (1995-2005), with the use of GIS software, a map of Kermanshah Province's temperature and radiation based on plotted latitude and longitude as well as the establishment of regression, the most suitable location for solar panels is proposed. In this MATLAB software simulation using the characteristics of panel MSX-64, all parameters have been considered and determined by the characteristics of the panel. Throughout the process, the design has been based on four parameters as the primary specifications of the solar panels: Isc, Voc, Imp, Vmp. With the ability to simulate other solar panels with temperatures and radiation intensity corresponding to each area, the I-V curve of each custom solar panel can be drawn, making it possible to obtain the maximum power.
https://www.energyequipsys.com/article_20124_a5b5db098ec5a840b2084a90b7d76511.pdf
2016-06-01
21
30
10.22059/ees.2016.20124
GIS
Interpolation
MATLAB
Regression
Solar panel Msx-64
Milad
Imani-Harsini
1
Department of Electronics, College of Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Electronics, College of Engineering, Kermanshah Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad M.
Karkhanehchi
2
Department of Electronics, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Electronics, College of Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Lund H., Mathiesen B. V., Energy System Analysis of 100% Renewable Energy Systems,The Case of Denmark in Years 2030 and 2050, Energy 4th Dubrovnik Conference (2009) Jan.12-13, 34: 524–531.
1
[2] Nature of solar energy, http://www.suna.org.ir/fa/sun/nature, Accessed (2015)20 Jan.
2
[3] Woolfson M., The Origin and Evolution of the Solar System (2000) 1.12–1.19, ISBN 0750304588, Wiley.
3
[4] Nema S., Nema R. K., Agnihotri G., MATLAB/Simulink Based Study of Photovoltaic Cells/Modules/Array and Their Experimental Verification, International Journal of Energy and Environ (2010) 1: 487–500.
4
[5] Mulvaney D., Green Technology, an A-to-Z Guide (2011) 1–524, ISBN 1412996929, SAGE Publications Press.
5
[6] Femia N., Petrone G., Spagnuolo G., et al., Optimization of Perturb and Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking Method, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics (2005) 20: 963–973.
6
[7] Faranda R., Leva S., Energy Comparison of MPPT Techniques for PV Systems, WSEAS Transactions on Power Systems (2008) 3: 446–455.
7
[8] Kumari J. S., Babu C. S., Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic Cell Using Matlab-Simulink Environment, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Enginering (IJECE) (2011) 2: 26–34.
8
[9] Climatology & Geography of Kermanshah Province - Meteorological Organization Kermanshah’, http://www.kermanshahmet.ir/page.aspx?lang=fa-ir&id=b5ed122d-f465-4813-b596-54a0a1d2d895, Accessed (2014) 23 Jul.
9
[10]Meteorological Kermanshah’, http://www.kermanshahmet.ir/page.aspx?lang=fa-ir&id=b5ed122d-f465-4813-b596-54a0a1d2d895, Accessed (2015) 22 Jan.
10
[11] Statistics 200 synoptic stations in Iran’, http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/iranarchive.asp, Accessed (2015)22 Jan.
11
[12] González-Longatt F. M., Model of Photovoltaic Module in Matlab, II CIBELEC Conference (2005) Jun, 2:1-5.
12
[13] Mishra B., Kar B. P., Matlab Based Modeling of Photovoltaic Array Characteristics, Bachelor thesis, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, (2012).
13
[14] Pagliaro M., Ciriminna R., and Palmisano G., Flexible solar cells (2008) 880–891, ISBN 3527323759, ChemSusChem Press 1(11) Wiley.
14
[15] Sinton R. A., Forsyth M. K., Blum A. L., et al., Characterization of Substrate Doping and Series Resistance During Solar Cell Efficiency MEASUREMENT, United States Patent Application (US20140333319 A1) (2014) 1: 1–5.
15
[16] Bernardi M., Novel Materials, Computational Spectroscopy, and Multiscale Simulation in Nanoscale Photovoltaics, PhD thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts (2013).
16
[17] Solarex MSX-64 Solar Panel, http://www.solarelectricsupply.com/solarex-msx-64-w-junction-box-548, Accessed (2015) 20 Jan.
17
[18] Rouholamini A., Pourgharibshahi H., Fadaeinedjad R., et al., Temperature of a Photovoltaic Module under the Influence of Different Environmental Conditions–Experimental Investigation, International Journal of Ambient Energy (2016) 37: 1–7.
18
[19] Visoly-Fisher I., Mescheloff A., Gabay M., et al., Concentrated Sunlight for Accelerated Stability Testing of Organic Photovoltaic Materials, Towards Decoupling Light Intensity and Temperature, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells (2015) 134: 99–107.
19
[20] Said S., Massoud A., Benammar M., et al., A Matlab/Simulink-Based Photovoltaic Array Model Employing SimPowerSystems Toolbox, Journal of Energy and Power Engineering (2012) 6: 1965–1975.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of hemispherical chevrons angle, depth, and pitch on the convective heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop in compact plate heat exchangers
Plate heat exchangers are widely used in industries due to their special characteristics, such as high thermal efficiency, small size, light weight, easy installation, maintenance, and cleaning. The purpose of this study is to consider the effect of depth, angle, and pitch of hemispheric Chevrons on the convective heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop. In the simulation of the heat exchanger, water and stainless steel are chosen for fluid and plate materials, respectively. The process is considered to be steady state, single-phase, and turbulent. In brief results show that the convective heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop decrease where the Chevrons depth and pitch increase. Moreover, these parameters enhance increment of the Chevrons angle up to 90°, after which they decrease with the Chevron angle. lastly, results are compared with Kumar equation which has been presented for corrugated plates. Maximum relative difference in this comparison is approximately 30%. As a result, a new correlation is proposed for the convective heat transfer coefficient in terms of the Reynolds number and the plate geometry.
https://www.energyequipsys.com/article_20125_14feb606dfe808341753a512537bea7a.pdf
2016-06-01
31
41
10.22059/ees.2016.20125
Chevron Angle
Chevron Depth
Chevron Pitch
Numerical analysis
plate heat exchanger
Behrang
Sajadi
bsajadi@ut.ac.ir
1
School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Pedram
Hanafizadeh
hanafizadeh@ut.ac.ir
2
School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Samar
Bahman
ssamar916@gmail.com
3
School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ghazale
Hayati
ghazale.hayati@yahoo.com
4
School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Focke W.W., Zachariades J., Olivier I., The Effect of the Corrugation Inclination Angle on the Thermohydraulic Performance of Plate Heat Exchanger, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer (1985) 28: 1469-1479.
1
[2] Gaiser G., Kottke V., Effects of Wavelength and Inclination Angle on the Homogeneity of Local Heat Transfer Coefficients in Plate Heat Exchanger, Proceedings of 11th International Heat Transfer Conference (1998).
2
[3] Muley A., Manglik R.M., Experimental Study of Turbulent Flow Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Plate Heat Exchanger with Chevron Plates, Journal of Heat Transfer (1999) 121: 110-117.
3
[4] Dovic D., Svaic S., Influence of Chevron Plates Geometry on Performance of Plate Heat Exchangers, Tehnicki Vjesnik, (2007) 14: 37-45.
4
[5] Durmus A., Benli H., Gul H., Investigation of Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Plate Heat Exchanger Having Different Surface Profiles, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer (2009) 52: 1451-1457.
5
[6] Andersson E., Quah J., Polley G.T., Experience in the Application of Compabloc in Refinery Pre-heat Trains and First Analysis of Data from an Operational Unit, Proceeding of International Conference on Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning VIII (2009).
6
[7] Han X.H., Cui L.Q., Chen S.J., Chen G.M., Wang Q., A Numerical and Experimnetal Study of Chevron, Corrugated-plate Heat Exchangers, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer (2010) 37: 1008-1014.
7
[8] Muthuraman S., The Characteristics of Brazed Plate Heat Exchangers with Different Chevron Angle, Global Journal of Researches in Engineering (2011) 11: 11-25.
8
[9] Tamakloe E.K., Polley G.T., Nuez M.P., Design of Compabloc Exchanger to Mitigate Refinery Fouling, Applied Thermal Engineering (2012) 60: 441-448.
9
[10] Faizal M., Ahmed M.R., Experimental Studies on a Corrugated Plate Heat Exchanger for Small Temperature Difference Applications, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science (2012) 36: 242-248.
10
[11] Fahmy A.A., Flat Plate Heat Exchanger Design for MTR Reactor Upgrading, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research (2013) 4: 1-8.
11
[12] Yakhot V., Orszag S.A., Thangam S., Gatski T.B., Speziale C.G., Development of Turbulence Models for Shear Flows by a Double Expansion Technique, Physics of Fluids A (1992) 4: 1510-1520.
12
[13] Launder B.E., Spalding D.B., The Numerical Computation of Turbulent Flows, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering (1974) 3: 269-289.
13
[14] Patankar S.V., Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow (1980), Taylor & Francis.
14
[15] Kakac S., Liu H., Pramuanjaroenkij A., Heat Exchangers: Selection, Rating, and Thermal Design (2002), CRC Press.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Thermoeconomic optimization and exergy analysis of transcritical CO2 refrigeration cycle with an ejector
The purpose of this research is to investigate thermoeconomic optimization and exergy analysis of transcritical CO2 refrigeration cycle with an ejector. After modeling thermodynamic equations of elements and considering optimization parameters of emerging temperature of gas of cooler (Tgc) , emerging pressure of cooler's gas (Pgc) , and evaporative temperature (Tevp) , optimization of target function is done. Target function indicates total expenses of the system during a year which is consisted of expenses of entering exergy and spending on the system's equipment. Optimized amplitude of decision variables are gained by the balance between the entering exergy and yearly initial capital investing. Results indicate reduction in yearly total expenses of system (34%) and enhancement in thermodynamic functionality coefficient and exergetic efficiency in optimum point toward end point.
https://www.energyequipsys.com/article_20126_7786f65471bfbd07663db8d34a734e7e.pdf
2016-06-01
43
52
10.22059/ees.2016.20126
Exergy
refrigeration
Thermoeconomic
Transcritical CO2
Ali
Behbahani-nia
alibehbahaninia@kntu.ac.ir
1
Mechanical Engineering Department, K.N. Toosi University of Technology Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saeed
Shams
a_shams125@yahoo.com
2
Mechanical Engineering Department, K.N. Toosi University of Technology Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1]Kornhauser, A. A., The Use of an Ejector as a Refrigerant Expander, Proceedings of the 1990 USNC/IIR–Purdue Refrigeration Conference (1990) 10-19.
1
[2]Ozaki Y, Takeuchi H, Hirata T., Regeneration of Expansion Energy by Ejector in CO2 Cycle. Proceedings of Sixth IIRG. Lorentzen Natural Working Fluid Conference (2004) 142-149
2
[3]Working group, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate Change (2001).
3
[4]Neksa P., CO2 Heat Pump Systems, International Journal of Refrigeration (2002) 25: 421–7.
4
[5]Kim M.H., Pettersen J., Bullard C.W., Fundamental Process and System Design Issues in CO2 Vapor Compression Systems, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science (2004) 30: 41-49.
5
[6]Liu JP, Chen JP, Chen ZJ, Thermodynamic Analysis on Trans-Critical R744 Vapor Compression/Ejection Hybrid Refrigeration Cycle, Proceedings of Fifth IIR G. Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids, Guangzhou (2002).
6
[7] Fangtian S., Yitai M., Thermodynamic Analysis of Transcritical CO2 Refrigeration Cycle with an Ejector, Tianjin Conference, China(2010).
7
[8] Elbel S.W., Hrnjak P.S., Effect of Internal Heat Exchanger on Performance of Transcritical CO2 Systems with Ejector, Tenth International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue,West Lafayette (2004).
8
[9] Ozaki Y., Takeuchi H., Hirata T., Regeneration of Expansion Energy by Ejector in CO2 Cycle, Proceedings of Sixth IIRG. Lorentzen Natural Working Fluid Conference, Glasgow, UK (2004).
9
[10] Sarkar J., Ejector Enhanced Vapor Compression Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems-A Review, Department of Mechanical Engineering. Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.), India (2012).
10
[11]Li D, Groll E.A., Transcritical CO2 Refrigeration Cycle with Ejector-Expansion Device, International Journal Refrigeration (2005) 28: 766–73.
11
[12]Valero, A., CGAM problem: definition and conventional solution. Energy,(1994) 19. pp 268-279.
12
[13]Selbas R., Kızılkan O., Sencana A., Economic Optimization of Subcooled and Superheated Vapor Compression, Energy (2006) 31: 2108-2128
13
[14] E1-Sayed Y.M., Designing Desalination Systems for Higher Productivity, Advanced Energy Systems Analysis, Higgins Way, Fremont, USA (2005).
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study on performance and methods to optimize thermal oil boiler efficiency in cement industry
Cement production is an energy-intensive process, so that the cement industry occupies a top position among other energy-consuming industries. Among the equipment used in cement industries, boilers are one of the energy-consuming equipment. Boilers are among the common heating equipment in industrial, commercial, and institutional facilities. In this paper, the performance of thermal oil boiler and useful methods in improving its efficiency and saving energy was investigated. Under normal condition, results showed that the boiler was only working with 55% of its capacity, and in this case, boiler efficiency was 77.48%, based on the heat loss method. Moreover, optimization of excess air level in combustion process as one of the improving performance methods increased the boiler efficiency by about 3%. The volume of fuel was also reduced to about 34.07 m3/HR, using economizer as another method.
https://www.energyequipsys.com/article_20127_8e28942a787b0c2e0e7d470aff1fb7e7.pdf
2016-06-01
53
64
10.22059/ees.2016.20127
Boiler Efficiency
Economizer
Excess Air
Thermal Oil Boiler
Hamideh
Mehdizadeh
1
Faculty of Chemical, Petroleum, and Gas Engineering, Semnan University, 35196-45399,Semnan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abbas
Alishah
2
Faculty of Chemical, Petroleum, and Gas Engineering, Semnan University, 35196-45399,Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeid
Hojjati Astani
3
Technical Department, Mazandaran Cement Company, Neka, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Engin T., Ari V., Energy Auditing and Recovery for Dry Type Cement Rotary Kiln Systems––A Case Study, Energy Conversion and Management (2005) 46:551–562.
1
[2] Worrell E., Martin N., Price L., Potentials for Energy Efficiency Improvement in the US Cement Industry, Energy (2000) 25:1189–1214.
2
[3] Khurana S., Banerjee R., Gaitonde U., Energy Balance and Cogeneration for a Cement Plant, Applied Thermal Engineering (2002) 22:485–494.
3
[4] Radwan M., Different Possible Ways for Saving Energy in the Cement Production, Advances in Applied Science Research (2012) 3:1162-1174.
4
[5] Onut S., Soner S., Analysis of Energy Use and Efficiency in Turkish Manufacturing Sector SMEs, Energy Conversion and Management (2007) 48:384–94.
5
[6] Thermal Energy Equipment: Boilers & Thermic Fluid Heater, Energy Efficiency Guide for Industry in Asia, UNEP (2006) 1-42.
6
[7] Boiler plant systems, Business & Government energy Management Division, Energy Management Series for Industry Commerce and Instituations, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0E4 (1985).
7
[8] Vakkilainen E. K., Ahtila P., Modern Method to Determine Recovery Boiler Efficiency, O Papel (2011) 72:58-66.
8
[9] Energy Efficiency and Resource Saving Technologies in Cement Industry, ASIA-Pacific Partnership on Clean Devopment, Cement Task Force, Washington, D.C (2006).
9
[10] Gan H., Zhang J., Zeng H., Development of Main Boiler Simulation System for LNG Ship, International Journal of Advancements in Computing Technology (IJACT) (2012) 4:466-475.
10
[11] Teir S., Kulla A., Boiler Calculations, Energy Engineering and Environmental Protection (2002) 1-14, Steam Boiler Technology eBook.
11
[12] BS 845:1987, Part 1 and 2, Methods for Assessing Thermal Performance of Steam and Hot Water Boilers and Heaters for High Temperature Heat Transfer Fluids, British Standards Institution, London.
12
[13] Siegert A., On the Determination of Heat Loss in Chimney Gases, Journal für Gasbeleuchtung und Wasserversorgung (1888).
13
[14] Carpenter K., Schmidt C., Kissock K., Common Boiler Excess Air Trends and Strategies to Optimize Efficiency, ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings (2008) 3:52-63.
14
[15] William F. P., Efficient Boiler Operations Sourcebook (1996) 1-309, ISBN 0135322685, 9780135322680, Fairmont Press.
15
[16] Kristinsson H., Lang S., Boiler Control,Improving Efficiency of Boiler Systems, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering Division of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation (2010).
16
[17] Eckerlin M., The Importance of Excess Air in the Combustion Process, MAM 406, Energy Conservation in Industry, North Carolina State Unirsity (2011).
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Improving the performance of wind turbine equipped with DFIG using STATCOM based on input-output feedback linearization controller
Using the FACTS controllers, such as static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), as it provides continuous reactive power, in the grid including wind turbine (WT) equipped with doubly fed induction generator, for improving voltage profile (under normal circumstances) and providing a transition ability from inductor generator transition state has been proposed. In this paper, in order to control the controllers and explained goals, nonlinear controller, as a substitute for the traditional controller, is presented. Replacing STATCOM controller in wind farm, which is equipped with doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) using input-output feedback linearization controller, the needed reactive power in order to stable wind farm equipped with DFIG is considered when error is occurred. The proposed control method has been simulated for IEEE-9 Bus, bus No 5, and the achievability to the desired targets in STATCOM efficiency for its reactive power has been investigated. The reasons of using these controllers in bus 5 are voltage dropping and reducing reactive power in this bus. It can be seen by compensating for voltage and reactive power in this bus that these two parameters have improved in other buses. The results show that with the proposed controller, STATCOM has done its duty well and the network bus voltage and reactive power to sustain the wind farm equipped with DFIG in transient mode is provided.
https://www.energyequipsys.com/article_20128_8c989427ad8dfacc589a02518a7e584f.pdf
2016-06-01
65
79
10.22059/ees.2016.20128
Doubly Fed Induction Generator
Static Synchronous Compensator
Transition State
Wind Farm
Input-Output Feedback Linearization Controller
Ghazanfar
Shahgholian
shahgholian@iaun.ac.ir
1
Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Noushaz
Izadpanahi
n.izadpanahy@gmail.com
2
Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
[1]Shang L., Hu J., Sliding-Mode-Based Direct Power Control of Grid-Connected Wind -Turbine-Driven Doubly Fed Induction Generators Under Unbalanced Grid Voltage Conditions, IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion (2012) 27: 362–373.
1
[2]Fooladgar M., Rok-Rok E., Fani B., Shahgholian Gh., Evaluation of the Trajectory Sensitivity Analysis of the DFIG Control Parameters in Response to Changes in Wind Speed and the Line Impedance Connection to the Grid DFIG, Journal of Intelligent Procedures in Electrical Technology (2015) 5: 37-54.
2
[3]Mahdavian M., Wattanapongsakorn N., Shahgholian Gh., Mozafarpoor S.H., Janghorbani M., Shariatmadar S.M., Maximum Power Point Tracking in Wind Energy Conversion Systems Using Tracking Control System Based on Fuzzy Controller, IEEE/ECTICON (2014) May, 1-5.
3
[4]Baroudi J.A., Dinavahi V., Knight A.M., A Review of Power Converter Topologies for Wind Generators, IEEE/IEMDC, (2005) May 458-465.
4
[5]Shukla R.D., Tripathi R.K., Gupta S., Power Electronics Applications in Wind Energy Conversion System: A Review, IEEE/ICPCES (2010) Dec.1-6.
5
[6]Kim H.S., Lu D.D.-C., Review on Wind Turbine Generators and Power Electronic Converters with the Grid-Connection Issues, IEEE/AUPEC (2010) Dec.1-6.
6
[7]Shahgholian Gh., Khani Kh., Moazzami, M., The Impact of DFIG Based Wind Turbines in Power System Load Frequency Control With Hydro Turbine, Dam and Hedroelectric Powerplant (2015) 1: 38-51.
7
[8]Zhe Chen J.M., Guerrero F., Blaabjerg, A Review of the State of the Art of Power Electronics for Wind Turbines, IEEE Trans, on Power Electronics (2009) 1859-1875.
8
[9]Muller S., Deicke M., De-Doncker R.W., Doubly Fed Induction Generator Systems for Wind Turbines, IEEE Industry Applications Magazine (2002) 8: 26-33.
9
[10]Santos-Martin D., Rodriguez-Amenedo J.L, Arnalte S., Direct Power Control Applied to Doubly Fed Induction Generator Under Unbalanced Grid Voltage Conditions, IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics (2008) 23: 2328-2336.
10
[11]Qiao W., Harley R.G., Venayagamoorthy G.K., Real-Time Implementation of a STATCOM on A Wind Farm Equipped With Doubly Fed Induction Generators, IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications (2009) 45: 98-107.
11
[12]Morren J., De-Haan S.W.H., Ride-Through of Wind Turbines With Doubly-Fed Induction Generator During A Voltage Dip, IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion (2005) 20: 435-441.
12
[13]Muljadi E., Butterfield C.P., Chacon J., Romanowitz H., Power Quality Aspects in A Wind Power Plant, IEEE/PESGM (2006) 1-8.
13
[14]Yi T., Guangwei Y., Research on Impacts of Grid Voltage Sag on Wind Power System Reliability, IEEE/APPEEC (2012) March 1-5.
14
[15]Liu J., Liang H., Li W., Guo R., Research on Low Voltage Ride Through Capability of Wind Farms Grid Integration Using VSC-HVDC, IEEE/ISGT (2012) May 1-6.
15
[16]Abdel-Baqi O., Nasiri A., Series Voltage Compensation for DFIG Wind Turbine Low-Voltage Ride-Through Solution, IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion (2011) 26: 272-280.
16
[17]Zhou L., Liu J., Zhou S., She H., A Fully Decoupled Feed-Forward Control for Low-Voltage Ride-Through of DFIG Based Wind Turbines, EEE/APEC (2014) March 3118-3124.
17
[18]Behera R.K., Gao W., Low Voltage Ride-Through and Performance Improvement of A Grid Connected DFIG System, IEEE/ICPS (2009) Dec. 1-6.
18
[19]Qiao W., Harley R.G., Venayagamoorthy G.K., Coordinated Reactive Power Control of a Large Wind Farm and a STATCOM Using Heuristic Dynamic Programming, IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion (2009) 24: 493-503.
19
[20]Shahgholian Gh., Faiz J., Static Synchronous Compensator for Improving Performance of Power System: A Review, International Review of Electrical Engineering (2010) 4: 2333-2342.
20
[21]Anderson P.M., Fouad A.A., Power System Control and Stability (2002) ISBN 978-0-471-23862-1, Wiley-IEEE Press.
21
[22]Krause P.C., Wasynczuk O., Sudoff S.D., Analysis of Electric Machinary and Drive Systems (2002) ISBN 978-0471143260, John Wiley & Sons.
22
[23]Pokharel B., Modeling, Control and Analysis of Doubly Fed Induction Generator Based Wind Turbine System With Voltage Regulation, M.S. Thesis (2011) Publication Number 1506701.
23
[24]You J.J., Lee A.V., Applied Nonlinear Control (1991) ISBN 0-13-04890-8, Prentice Hall.
24
[25]Utkin V., Guldner J., Shi J., Sliding Mode Control in Electromechanical Systems (1999) ISBN 0-7484-0116-4, Taylor and Francis.
25
[26]Mi Z., Chen Y., Liu L., Yu Y., Dynamic Performance Improvement of Wind Farm with Doubly Fed Induction Generators Using STATCOM, IEEE/ Powercon (2010) Oct. 1-6.
26